relates to

By services, 7 January, 2025

In 2001 (before the three annual fiscal periods in issue) the appellant (CIBC) outsourced part of its Visa-card transaction processing and payment services to an arm’s length non-resident (“GPDI”) so that, in a typical transaction in which a Canadian cardholder presented their CIBC Visa card to a Canadian merchant, GPDI would process the point-of-sale information received from the merchant and transmit it to CIBC for credit authorization, transmit the authorization (assuming no “decline”) back