The taxpayer ("JDI") and another pulp and paper company in the Irving group (“IPPL”) participated in transactions to effectively transfer non-capital losses (“NCLs”) from an oil refining company (“IOL”) in the Irving group to the taxpayer. In December 2002, IOL acquired pollution control equipment (“PCE”), that IPPL had been using in its pulp facilities, from IPPL under TA s. 85(1) and TA s. 518, at an agreed amount of $3.