Russel J found that the Minister's decision (in a s. 152(4.2) application) to treat the taxpayer's online poker winnings as income lacked intelligibility and justification. The Minister indicated that the taxpayer had a "system" to win, but did not identify what that system might be - moreover, winning does not prove the existence of a system - this is exactly the kind of retrospective approach rejected in Leblanc (para. 52). Russel J also stated (at para. 52):
- "chance remains the predominant factor in whether they [online poker players] win or lose";
- the use of winnings to finance a mortgage was no indication of running a business; and
- the taxpayer's cutting back on other work and income during poker wins was no indicator of running a business with a reasonable expectation of profit.