S.27(1) of the Commerce Act 1986 (New Zealand) provided:
"No person shall enter into a contract or arrangement, or arrive at an understanding, containing a provision that has the purpose ... of substantially lessening competition in a market."
Lord Bridge stated (p. 134):
"'Arrangement' is a perfectly ordinary English word and in the context of section 27 involves no more than a meeting of minds between two or more persons, not amounting to a formal contract, but leading to an agreed course of action."