Davis, J.:—The appellant is a suppliant by petition of right whose claim against the Crown was dismissed by a judgment of the President of the Exchequer Court of Canada, ante, p. 366, from which judgment this appeal was taken.
The claim of the suppliant is to recover from the Crown the sum of $1,417,958.62 paid by Hiram Walker & Sons Ltd. (hereinafter for convenience referred to as the Walker Co.) to the Crown in respect of excise duties and sales taxes on liquor manufactured by the Walker Co. and alleged by the suppliant to have been purchased by it from the Walker Co. at prices that included the excise duties and sales taxes. The claim put forward by the suppliant is that it resold and exported this liquor to purchasers in the United States and that by reason of such export, the duties and taxes collected by the Crown were not payable and that the Crown is liable to repay to the suppliant the moneys paid together with interest. The sum of $1,417,958.62 is made up of $1,296,557.01 in respect of excise duties and $121,401.61 in respect of sales taxes. The transactions in question were said to have taken place between January 31st, 1924, and January 25th, 1926.
The suppliant was a Dominion company having its office at Montreal. Although it had a distillery licence it did nothing in the way of carrying on a distillery business other than the blending of some Scotch whiskies in relatively small quantities. Commencing in January, 1924, orders for liquor were furnished in the name of the suppliant to the Walker Co. In the early part of 1924 the liquor was transferred from the Walker Distillery in Walkerville to a nearby warehouse from which it was distributed in accordance with instructions given by one Cooper, who appears to have been active in the business of the suppliant company. The orders, invoices and other documents that were made out at the time gave the transactions the appearance of sales by the Walker Co. to the suppliant and of resales by the suppliant to either W. Kemp or G. Scherer. On or about April 26th, 1924, the excise officer in charge of the Walker Distillery was instructed to refuse the delivery or the issue of permits for the removal of duty paid spirits from the Walker Distillery to the suppliant unless the goods were shipped to the suppliant’s licensed premises in Montreal. Thereafter the liquor was shipped from the Walker Distillery to Montreal where it was at once reshipped (often without unloading) to Sandwich or one of the border points on the Detroit river, where it appears to have gone into Cooper’s possession and thence was resold and distributed by him. It is claimed by the suppliant that all the liquor was exported from the border points in and about Walkerville to the United States but this claim was strenuously challenged by the Crown.
Under the Excise Act the liquor could not be removed from the Walker Distillery until the excise duties had been paid or secured by bond. In the case of each of the transactions in question the Walker Co. made a requisition to the excise officer for a permit to remove the liquor "‘duty paid,” paid the duties and obtained a permit for removal. Pursuant to the regulations respecting sales tax, the Walker Co. paid before the end of each month the sales tax due in respect of transactions of the previous month, in accordance with returns made by it to the Department of National Revenue showing the sales for the month and the taxes payable thereon. No suggestion was made at any time that the moneys were paid under protest or subject to any reservation either on behalf of the Walker Co. or the suppliant.
By agreement dated May 26th, 1926, thé suppliant sold its business as a going concern to a company known as Dominion Distillers Ltd. The sale and transfer included all debts due to the suppliant in connection with the business. In 1927 Dominion Distillers Ltd. sold its assets to Dominion Distillers Consolidated Ltd. In 1930 Dominion Distillers Ltd. and Dominion Distillers Consolidated Ltd. went into liquidation. The suppliant had ceased. doing business sometime in 1925 or 1926 and no meetings of its directors or shareholders were held from March 9th, 1926, until February 16th, 1935. In these circumstances the respondent launched a motion before the trial for an order dismissing the action and directing that the respondent’s costs be paid by the solicitor for the suppliant upon the grounds that the action was brought without authority and that the company had before the commencement of the action sold and transferred all its assets. The motion was adjourned to the trial and the respondent gave a supplementary notice that on the return of the motion it would rely upon the additional ground that if there was any such corporation as the suppliant it had ceased to exist and its charter had become forfeited by reason of non-user under the provisions of The Compames Act, R.S.C. 1927, c. 27, sec. 29, and amending Acts. On the second day of the trial this motion was argued before the learned Judge as well as a motion to dismiss on the ground that the suppliant’s cause of action, if any, was barred by the Statute of Limitations. The learned Judge, however, decided that the trial should proceed to the end and adjourned the motions to the conclusion of the trial.
Judgment was reserved at the trial and was pronounced on June 12th, 1937, dismissing the petition with costs. The learned Judge felt bound by the Carling case ([1931] A.C. 435) to hold that in the main the liquor was exported. He thought the proof of export in the case (upon this point, since the appeal fails on other grounds, it is unnecessary to pronounce a decision) was equally strong as in the Carling case. He was of opinion, however, that the claim to recover in respect of sales taxes was barred by see. 117 of the Special War Revenue Act (enacted by 21-22 George V, c. 54, sec. 21, and amended by 23-24 George V, e. 50, sec. 24) because it did not appear that any application in writing had been made for a refund within two years from the time when such refund first became payable. His judgment was also based on the conclusion that the suppliant company had ceased to exist by reason of the forfeiture of its charter for non-user and that the petition was, therefore, unauthorized and a nullity. The learned Judge also held that the Ontario Limitations Act, R.S.O. 1927, c. 106, sec. 48, was applicable and that the cause of action was barred because the petition was laid more than six years after the cause of action arose.
In the first place it is to be observed that all the moneys paid, either as excise duty or as sales taxes, on the liquor in question were paid by the Walker Co. to the Crown, neither by compulsion nor under protest, and now form part of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of Canada, and that the Walker Co. is not a party to this action to recover back these moneys. We should find it difficult to decide, if it were necessary to do so, that some one other than the manufacturer or producer, upon whom the duties and taxes were imposed and by whom they were actually paid to the Crown, could recover the payments from the Crown. But assuming that the suppliant, as the purchaser of the liquor, whose purchase moneys included these outlays by its vendor, could recover in its own name and on its own behalf, the difficulties in its way appear to be insurmountable. We shall assume, further, in the suppliant’s favour, without expressing any opinion upon the point, that the suppliant ‘s charter had not become forfeited for non-user and that it was an existing corporation entitled to maintain the action. It 1s, moreover, unnecessary to express any opinion upon the contention of the Crown that at the date of the petition of right the suppliant had no longer any interest in the claim upon which it sues by virtue of the fact that the claim had been transferred to the Dominion Distillers Consolidated Ltd. through the Dominion Distillers Ltd. We have arrived at our conclusion without taking into account the difficulties which might be raised by these questions.
Two or three dates are of importance in the consideration of the appeal. The date of the filing of the petition of right was December 14th, 1934; the transactions in liquor in respect of which the Walker Co. paid excise duty and sales taxes were, as already stated, between January 31st, 1924, and January 25th, 1926.
As to the claim for $1,296,557.01 in respect of the payment of excise duties. These duties were paid by the Walker Co. voluntarily in the ordinary course of business before removal of the liquor. Liability for payment during the period in question was imposed by the Excise Act, R.S.C. 1906, e. 51—(prior to 1921 the statute was called The Inland Revenue Act, 11-12 George V, c. 26, sec. 2). Under sec. 174 the duties could not be refunded on export unless when specially permitted by some regulation made by the Governor in Council. No such regulation was made. Under The Consolidated Revenue and Audit Act, 1931 (21-22 George V, c. 27, sec. 33), the Governor in Council, whenever he deems it right and conducive to the public good, may remit any duty or toll payable to His Majesty, imposed or authorized to be imposed by any Act of the Parliament of Canada. Remit, by the context, involves "‘the refund of any sum of money paid to the Minister for’’ any duty imposed or authorized to be imposed by any Act of the Parliament of Canada. No such order in council was ever passed. Treated as an action for moneys had and received, the claim was clearly barred at the end of six years by virtue of the combined effect of sec. 32 of the Exchequer Court Act, R.S.C. 1927, c, 34, and sec. 48 of the Ontario Limitations Act, R.S.O. 1927, c. 106. The claim cannot be treated as a specialty debt for which the prescriptive period is 20 years.
As to the claim for $121,401.61 in respect of the payment of sales tax. The following provision was added to the Specral War Revenue Act in 1931 (21-22 George V, c. 54 sec. 21) :
"117. No refund or deduction from any of the taxes imposed by this Act shall be paid unless application for the same is made by the person entitled thereto within two years of the time when any such refund or deduction first became payable under this Act or under any regulations made thereunder. ‘ ‘
The above section was repealed in 1933 (23-24 George V, c. 50, sec. 24) and the following substituted:
"117.(1) No refund or deduction from any of the taxes imposed by this Act shall be paid unless application in writing for the same is made by the person entitled thereto within two years of the time when any such refund or deduction first became payable under this Act or under any regualtions made thereunder.
"‘(2) If any person, whether by mistake of law or fact, has paid or overpaid to His Majesty, any moneys which have been taken to account, as taxes imposed by this Act, such moneys shall not be refunded unless application has been made in writing within two years after such moneys were paid or overpaid. ‘ ‘
No application was made for a refund within the time prescribed by the statute. Moreover, the suppliant did not invoke the statutory right to a refund; the claim was not put upon that basis. Treated as an action for moneys had and received, this part of the applicant’s claim also fails, being barred by the six- year limitation above mentioned.
CANNON, J.:—This appeal should be dismissed with costs.
KERWIN, J.:—The appeal should be dismissed with costs.
The appeal must be dismissed with costs.
Appeal dismissed.